They work similarly to the mRNA vaccines in that after the viral vector prompts your cells to make spike proteins, your immune system will start making antibodies against them. When you receive a dose of the viral vector COVID-19 vaccine, the harmless virus enters your cells and gives the message to start producing spike proteins. How do viral vector vaccines cause an immune response? But in the case of the COVID-19 vaccines, they deliver instructions for making the coronavirus spike protein. They have been researched to treat or prevent many health conditions, and the technology has even been used for an Ebola vaccine. Viral vector vaccines - like the Johnson & Johnson vaccine - use a harmless virus (called a viral vector) to deliver a message to your cells. In fact, the use of mRNA vaccines has been gaining interest among scientists in recent years because they are quicker to develop than traditional vaccines. Both mRNA vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective during clinical trials, and this still holds true after about 400 million doses have been administered in the U.S.Īnd while the mRNA technology is relatively new to the market, it’s been researched for decades. Is mRNA technology safe?Īlthough these vaccines were developed faster than most others have been, it doesn’t mean that they’re unsafe. But while it’s there, it only interacts with the part of the cell responsible for making proteins (called ribosomes), and it never enters the nucleus of your cells - which contains your DNA. What happens to the mRNA in my body?Īfter your body receives the spike protein blueprints, the cell breaks down the mRNA.
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In other words, your body will already know how to better fight off the coronavirus if you’re ever exposed in the future. This allows your body to build up its immunity.
They’re only one small part of the virus, so you cannot get COVID-19 from the vaccine itself.Īfter you’re vaccinated with a mRNA vaccine, your body creates antibodies against the spike protein.
Spike proteins are found on the surface of the coronavirus, and they help the virus enter and infect your cells. When you receive a dose of a mRNA vaccine, your cells get the blueprint for making part of the coronavirus, called the spike protein. How do mRNA vaccines cause an immune response? The cells in your body already use mRNA as instructions to make proteins that they need, but the mRNA contained in the vaccines is specific to the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. You can think of mRNA as a blueprint that is delivered to cells in your body. The mRNA vaccines - Pfizer and Moderna - work by using a technology called messenger RNA (mRNA). against hospitalization and death) mRNA vaccines * Specific percentages showing vaccine effectiveness can vary by study as well as specific factors being studied (e.g., effectiveness against preventing moderate-to-severe COVID-19 symptoms vs. Moderna and Pfizer vaccineĪt a glance, there are a few key differences between the vaccines from Johnson & Johnson, Moderna, and Pfizer. And while several different types of COVID-19 vaccines are being researched, we’ll cover the two types currently available in the U.S. The processes and technology used to make vaccines vary. This means that if you are exposed to the germ in the future, you’ll be better prepared to fight it. Vaccines work by triggering the cells in your body to make antibodies - memories created in response to an infection - against a certain germ. Here we’ll compare the three COVID-19 vaccines and the differences in how they work, their effectiveness, and what side effects you can potentially expect from each. Two others have been authorized for use in the U.S.
So far, one of these vaccines has been granted FDA-approval - Pfizer’s Comirnaty. In the face of such a challenge, pharmaceutical companies around the world quickly started developing vaccines to help slow the spread of the virus and to bring an end to the coronavirus pandemic. Over the past year and a half, the world has experienced a deadly pandemic - COVID-19.
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